Aim: - To create the geometrical shapes P1 & P2 using all coordinate system methods using line tool, also finding the missing dimensions by analyzing the sample drawings.
- Civil-related problems- To draw the profile and trusses using any of the four coordinate system methods.
Introduction:
There are two coordinate systems in AutoCAD: Cartesian and Polar. AutoCAD's absolute and relative coordinates apply accordingly to these coordinate systems. Coordinate Systems: The coordinate system is a system in which numbers are used to determine the unique location of points and/or other geometric elements. Coordinates can also be set in AutoCAD with the mouse by typing (setting) the coordinate values on the command line and
by entering the coordinates using dynamic input. There are three types of coordinate systems. Absolute coordinate systems
- Relative coordinate systems
- Relative rectangular coordinates
- Relative polar coordinates
- Direct distance entry
- Absolute coordinate system: In this system, all points are placed at a specified distance in the x and y (sometimes z) axes from a common origin (usually 0,0).
- Relative coordinate system: The position of a relative coordinate is defined by its distance from a reference In AutoCAD, using this system, the first point of the drawing/geometry is always absolute, i.e., H. it is referred to the origin (0.0) and then all subsequent positions are set relative to their previous point.
- Relative rectangular coordinates: it is a coordinate system that specifies each point by a pair of numerical coordinates on the x-axis and y-axis. In this system, periods after the first period are written as '@xy' on the command
- Relative Polar Coordinates: This system gives the distance (longitude) and angle of a given point relative to its previous In the relative polar coordinate system, points are specified by typing @distance angle (ENTER) on the command line.
Procedure:
- Creating geometrical shapes P1 & P2 using all the coordinate systems.
- P1
- a) Absolute coordinate system: -
- Select line tool from the ribbon tab/ write line in command box, it will show "specify the first point"
- Check if the pointer input is in polar or cartesian format and the coordinate system is absolute or not. The coordinate system should be absolute for this drawing.
iii. Enter the first point as (2,1).
- Next, the command ask to enter next point.
- Specify the next point as (8,1)
- Specify the next point as (8,2)
vii. Specify the next point as (3,2)
viii. Specify the next point as (3,6)
- Specify the next point as (8,6)
- Specify the next point as (8,7)
- Specify the next point as (2,7)
xii. Specify the next point as (2,1), else click on the close in command prompt.
_1653322809.png)
- b) Relative coordinate system: -
Change the coordinate system to relative then,
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-5,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-6,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close on the command line.
_1653322836.png)
- c) Relative polar coordinate:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6<0° in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @1<90° in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @5<180° in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90° in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5<0° in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @1<90° in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @6<180° in the command line.
- Click 'Close on the command line/ Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @6<270° in the command line.
_1653322857.png)
d) Direct distance entry:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 2 as 6 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 3 as I in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 4 as 5 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 6 as 5 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 7 as l in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 8 as 6 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
_1653322901.png)
- Absolute Coordinate system: -
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 5,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 5,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 6,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 6,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 9,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 7,8 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 4,8 in the command line.
- Click Close' on the command line.
_1653322924.png)
- Relative coordinate system: -
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @1,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0, -4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2,7 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-3,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line or specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @-2, -7 in the command line.
_1653322947.png)
- Relative polar coordinate system: -
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @4<90 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @l<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<270 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @7<106 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<180 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line or specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @7<254 in the command line.
_1653322965.png)
- Direct distance entry: -
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 2 as 3 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 3 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 4 as I in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards -ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 6 as 3 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 7 as 7 in the command line at an angle of <106 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on.
- Enter the length of point 8 as 3 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
_1653322983.png)
Drawing the geometrical shapes from P4 to P10 using any coordinate system: -
P4 USING RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @1,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @2, -2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @2, 2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @0, -4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @1,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @0,7 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @-2, -3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @-2,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as @-1,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line or specify the next coordinate of point 12 as @0, -7 in the command line.
_1653322998.png)
P5 USING RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @1,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,7 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @5, 0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0, -6 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @-3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0, -1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,8 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @-7,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line or specify the next coordinate of point 11 as @0, -8 in the command line.
_1653323012.png)
P6 USING RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @4,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @0, 2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @-4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @0,-9 in the command line.
- Select line tool again
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 9 as 3,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @2,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as @0,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as @-2,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line or specify the next coordinate of point 13 as @0, -3 in the command line.
_1653323035.png)
P7 USING RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @8,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,6 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-8, 0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Select line tool again
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 5 as 3,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @2,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-2,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Select line tool again
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 9 as 6,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @2,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as @0,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as @-2,0 in the command line. Click 'Close' on the command line.
_1653323051.png)
P8 USING RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @10,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-4, 0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-8,0 in the command line.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 9 as @0, -2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as @0, -4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as @-4,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
_1653323067.png)
P9 USING RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @5,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-3, 0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0, -1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @-1,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 9 as @0, 2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @4,2 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
_1653323108.png)
P10 USING DIRECT DISTANCE ENTRY:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 2 as 2 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 3 as 3 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 4 as 3 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 6 as 5 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 7 as 5,2 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 8 as 3 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 9 as 2 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 10 as 3 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
_1653323135.png)
- Civil related problems- To draw the profile and trusses using any of the four coordinate system methods.
Drawing Profile-wood using direct distance entry method:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0,0 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 2 as 10 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 3 as I in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 4 as 2 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 6 as 2 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 7 as 831 in the command line at an angle of <149.036 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on.
- Enter the length of point 8 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of <210.964 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on.
- Enter the length of point 9 as 2 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 10 as 5 in the command line towards -ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 11 as 2 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Select the Circle tool by entering 'CIRCLE' command in the command tab.
- Specify centre point of circle as 5,4.
- Specify radius of circle as 2.
_1653323208.png)
DRAWING QUEEN POST USING RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point l as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @3.536,3.536 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @3.536, -3.536 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0, -4 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Join the points 2 and 4.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @0, -1 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 4.536,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2.536,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @0, -1 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the coordinate of point 6 as 4.536,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @2.536.1 in the command line.
- Join points 3 and 6.
- Press Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
_1653323244.png)
Drawing truss 2 using Relative rectangular coordinate system:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point l as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @3,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @3, -2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0, -4 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Join the points 2 and 4.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @0, -0.667 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 3.6056, 2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2,0.6670 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @0, -0.6670 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the coordinate of point 5 as 3.6056,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @2,0.6670 in the command line.
- Join points 3 and 6.
- Press Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
_1653323271.png)
Drawing truss 3 using relative rectangular coordinate system: -
_1653323289.png)
Drawing mono pitch using absolute coordinate system:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point I as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 7,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 7,3 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,1.667 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,2.333 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 7,1 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
_1653323314.png)