RANKINE CYCLE SIMULATOR

OBJECTIVES:

1. To calculate the state points of the Rankine Cycle based on user inputs.

2. To plot corresponding T-s and h-s Diagrams.

INTRODUCTION TO RANKINE CYCLE:

The Rankine cycle or Rankine Vapor Cycle is the process widely used by power plants such as coal-fired power plants or nuclear reactors. In this mechanism, a fuel is used to produce heat within a boiler, converting water into steam which then expands through a turbine producing useful work. This is a thermodynamic cycle which converts heat into mechanical energy which usually gets transformed into electricity by electrical generation.

The components in the Rankine Cycle as shown in figure and given below:

• Turbine (Process: 1-2)
• Condenser (Process: 2-3)
• Pump (Process: 3-4)
• Boiler (Process: 4-1)

Process 1-2: Isentropic Expansion: The superheated vapor is expanded isentropically in the turbine, thus producing work which may be converted to electricity. The exit condition of turbine may exits in 3 states i.e, superheated state, saturated vapor state or liquid-vapor mix state.

`W_T = m(h_1 - h_2)`

Process 2-3: Isobaric Heat Rejection: The vapor-liquid mixture leaving the turbine is condensed at constant low pressure, usually in a surface condenser using cooling water. In well designed and maintained condensers, the pressure of the vapor is well below atmospheric pressure, approaching the saturation pressure of the operating fluid at the cooling water temperature.

`Q_(add)= m(h_2 - h_3)`

Process 3-4: Isentropic Compression. The pressure of the condensate is raised isentropically in the feed pump. Because of the low specific volume of liquids, the pump work is relatively small and often neglected in thermodynamic calculations.

`W_p= m(h_4 - h_3)`

Process 4-1: Isobaric Heat Transfer: High pressure liquid enters the boiler from the feed pump and is heated to the saturation temperature. Further addition of energy causes evaporation of the liquid until it is fully converted to saturated steam. Further addition of energy takes the saturated steam into superheated state.

`Q_(rej) = m(h_1 - h_4)`

Thermal efficiency of Rankine cycle is given by

`eta = 1 - Q_(rej)/Q_(add)`

Specific Steam Consumption

`SSC = 3600/(W_T - W_P`

Back Work Ratio 

`BWR = W_P/W_T`

INPUT PARAMETERS:

Case 1: Turbine Outlet is either Saturated state or Liquid-vapor mix state:

Pressure at Turbine Inlet (`P_1`) = 30 bar

Temperature at Turbine Inlet (`T_1`) = 400 deg Celcius

Pressure at Condenser Inlet (`P_2`) = 0.05 bar

Case 2: Turbine Outlet is in Superheated state:

Pressure at Turbine Inlet (`P_1`) = 45 bar

Temperature at Turbine Inlet (`T_1`) = 600 deg Celcius

Pressure at Condenser Inlet (`P_2`) = 6 bar

CODE ALGORITHM:

1. Initial known conditions (operating pressures of boiler and condenser and turbine inlet temperature) are taken as input by using 'input' command.

2. State 1: Values of Enthalpy and Entropy are determined using XSteam function using `P_1` as input.

3. State 2: Depending on exit state of turbine (superheated state, saturated vapor state or liquid-vapor mix state), the values of enthalpy are calculated and using entropy relation between states 1 and 2, dryness fraction is calculated.

`s_2 = s_1`

`x_2 = (s_2 - s_(f2))/(s_(g2) - s_(f2))`

If State 2 is in saturated or liquid-vapor mix state then enthalpy at state 2 is given by

`h_2 = h_(f2) + x_2 (h_(g2) - h_(f2))`

If State 2 is in superheated state the enthalpy at state 2 is given by

`h_2 = h_(g2) + C_(pv) (T_2 - (T_(sat))_(p2))`

where

`T_2` - Temperature at state`

`(T_(sat))_(p2)` - Saturation temperature at `P_2`

`h_f` & `s_f` - enthalpy and entropy at saturated liquid state

 `h_g` & `s_g` - enthalpy and entropy at saturated vapor state

`C_(pv)` - Specific heat of liquid vapor

`T_2`,`(T_(sat))_(p2)`,h_(f2)`,`h_(g2)`,`s_(f2)`,`s_(g2)`and`C_(pv) are calculated using XSteam function.

4. State 3 and State 4 properties are calculated directly using XSteam function.

5. Plotting T-s and H-s Diagrams:

i. Plotting Saturaion line in T-s diagram:

Entropy range is divided into equal number of divisions using linspace command. At each entropy value, saturation temperation is obtained using XSteam function using entropy as input. Plotting these will give saturation line in T-s diagram.

ii. Plotting Saturaion line in h-s diagram:

Entropy at critical point is obtained. At each point before critical entropy, saturation pressure is obtained and using that saturation pressure, saturation liquid enthalpy is obtained using XSteam function.  At each point after critical entropy, saturation pressure is obtained and using that saturation pressure, saturation vapor enthalpy is obtained using XSteam function. These Saturation liquid and vapor enthalpies are plotted across entropy.

iii. Process 1-2 and 3-4 are directly plotted using plot command using end state `s,T`  and `s,h` as inputs.

iv. Process 4-1 contains 3 regions i.e, Subcooling, Phase change and Superheating.

• Subcooling Region: From state 4 to saturated liquid state on pressure `P_1` . It is a curve along constant pressure.
• Phase Change Region: From saturated liquid state on pressure `P_1` to saturated vapor state on pressure `P_1`. It is straight line inside saturation curve at constant pressure.
• Superheat Region:  From saturated vapor state on pressure `P_1` to State 1. It is a curve along constant pressure.

v. Process 2-3 may contain 2 regions depending on exit state of turbine. 

• If end state 2 is in superheated region then the process contains 2 regions. Superheated region from state 2 to saturated vapor state on pressure `P_2` which is a curve outside saturation curve and Phase change region from saturated vapor state on pressure `P_2` to State 3 which is a straight line inside saturation curve.
• If end state 2 is in saturated region or liquid-vapor mix region then the process contains only phase change region from saturated vapor state on pressure `P_2` to State 3 which is a straight line inside saturation curve.

CODE: 

%%%%% RANKINE CYCLE SIMULATOR
clear all
close all
clc

fprintf('tttRANKINE CYCLE SIMULATORnn')
fprintf('Process 1-2: Isentropic Expansion in Turbinen')
fprintf('Process 2-3: Constant Presssure Heat Rejection in Condensern')
fprintf('Process 3-4: Isentropic Compression in Pumpn')
fprintf('Process 4-1: Constant Presssure Heat Addition in Boilernn')
% STATE 1 => TURBINE INLET or BOILER OUTLET
p1 = input('Enter Pressure at Turbine Inlet in bar : ');
T1 = input('Enter Temperature at Turbine Inlet in degree Celcius : ');
% STATE 2 => TURBINE OUTLET or CONDENSER INLET
p2 = input('Enter Pressure at Condenser Inlet in bar : ');

% CALCULATIONS
% STATE 1 => TURBINE INLET or BOILER OUTLET
h1 = XSteam('h_pT',p1,T1);
s1 = XSteam('s_pT',p1,T1);

% STATE 2 => TURBINE OUTLET or CONDENSER INLET
s2 = s1;
sf2 = XSteam('sL_p',p2);
sg2 = XSteam('sV_p',p2);
x2 = (s2-sf2)/(sg2-sf2);
hf2 = XSteam('hL_p',p2);
hg2 = XSteam('hV_p',p2);
if x2 <= 1 % IF POINT 2 IS IN LIQUID-VAPOR MIXTUE REGION OR SATURATED VAPOR STATE
    h2 = hf2 + x2*(hg2 - hf2);
    T2 = XSteam('T_ph',p2,h2);
else % IF POINT 2 IS IN SUPERHEATED REGION
    Tsat_p2 = XSteam('Tsat_p',p2);
    T2 = XSteam('T_ps',p2,s2);
    CpV = XSteam('Cp_pT',p2,T2);
    h2 = hg2 + CpV*(T2 - Tsat_p2);
end

% STATE 3 => CONDENSER OUTLET or PUMP INLET
p3 = p2;
h3 = XSteam('hL_p',p3);
s3 = XSteam('sL_p',p3);
v3 = XSteam('vL_p',p3);
T3 = XSteam('Tsat_p',p3);

% STATE 4 => PUMP OUTLET or BOILER INLET
p4 = p1;
s4 = s3;
h4 = XSteam('h_ps',p4,s4);
T4 = XSteam('T_ph',p4,h4);

% PROPERTIES AT SATURATION LIQUID STATE ON BOILER PRESSURE
h4_SatL_p4 = XSteam('hL_p',p4);
s4_SatL_p4 = XSteam('sL_p',p4);

% PROPERTIES AT SATURATION VAPOUR STATE ON BOILER PRESSURE
h4_SatV_p4 = XSteam('hV_p',p4);
s4_SatV_p4 = XSteam('sV_p',p4);
% SATURATION TEMPERATURE ON BOILER PRESSURE
Tsat_p4 = XSteam('Tsat_p',p4);

% TO PLOT T-S, H-S DIAGRAMS IN SUPERHEATED REGION OF BOILER, CALCULATION OF T & H at INTERMEDIATE POINTS
Superheat_entropy_range = linspace(s4_SatV_p4,s1,10000);
for i=1:length(Superheat_entropy_range)
    Superheat_enthalpy_range(i) = XSteam('h_ps',p1,Superheat_entropy_range(i));
    Superheat_Temp_range(i) = XSteam('T_ps',p1,Superheat_entropy_range(i));
end

% TO PLOT T-S, H-S DIAGRAMS IN SUBCOOLED REGION OF BOILER, CALCULATION OF T & H at INTERMEDIATE POINTS
Subcool_entropy_range = linspace(s4,s4_SatL_p4,10000);
for i=1:length(Subcool_entropy_range)
    Subcool_enthalpy_range(i) = XSteam('h_ps',p1,Subcool_entropy_range(i));
    Subcool_Temp_range(i) = XSteam('T_ps',p1,Subcool_entropy_range(i));
end

% FINDING SATURATION TEMPERATURES CORRESPONDING TO ENTROPY (HELPFUL TO PLOT SATURATION LINE ON T-S DIAGRAM)
S_min = 0.1;
S_max = 7.5;
S = linspace(S_min,S_max,1000);
for i=1:length(S)
    Tsat(i) = XSteam('Tsat_s',S(i));
end

% FINDING ENTROPY AT CRITICAL POINT USING CRITICAL PRESSURE AND CRITICAL TEMPERATURE OF WATER
% CRITICAL TEMPERATURE OF WATER : 373.946 degree Celcius
% CRITICAL PRESSURE OF WATER : 220.635 bar
S_Critical = XSteam('s_pT',220.635,373.946);

% FINDING SATURATION ENTHALPIES USING ENTROPY AND SATURATION PRESSURE (HELPFUL TO PLOT SATURATION LINE ON H-S DIAGRAM)
% LIQUID STATE SATURATION ENTHAPIES i.e, BEFORE CRITICAL POINT OF WATER 
S_SatL = linspace(S_min,S_Critical,1000);
for i=1:length(S_SatL)
    PsatL(i) = XSteam('Psat_s',S_SatL(i));
    HSatL(i) = XSteam('hL_p',PsatL(i));
end

% FINDING SATURATION ENTHALPIES USING ENTROPY AND SATURATION PRESSURE (HELPFUL TO PLOT SATURATION LINE ON H-S DIAGRAM)
% GASEOUS STATE SATURATION ENTHAPIES i.e, AFTER CRITICAL POINT OF WATER 
S_SatV = linspace(S_Critical,S_max,1000);
for i=1:length(S_SatV)
    PsatV(i) = XSteam('Psat_s',S_SatV(i));
    HSatV(i) = XSteam('hV_p',PsatV(i));
end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PLOTTING T-S DIAGRAM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
figure('DefaultAxesFontSize',12)
% SATURATION LINE
plot(S,Tsat,'--','linewidth',2,'color','r')
hold on
% PROCESS 1-2: ISENTROPIC PROCESS (VERTICAL STRAIGHT LINE IN T-S DIAGRAM)
plot([s1 s2],[T1 T2],'linewidth',2.5,'color','k')
hold on
% PROCESS 2-3: CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS IN WHICH PHASE CHANGE OCCURS FROM SATURATED OR SUPERHEATED VAPOR OR LIQUID-VAPOR MIX TO SATURATED LIQUID 
if x2 <= 1
    % IT WILL BE A HORIZONTAL STRAIGHT LINE IN T-S DIAGRAM
    plot([s2 s3],[T2 T3],'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0, 0.7, 0])
hold on
else
    % TO PLOT T-S, H-S DIAGRAMS IN SUPERHEATED REGION, CALCULATION OF T & H at INTERMEDIATE POINTS
    Superheat_cond_entropy = linspace(s2,sg2,1000);
    for i=1:length(Superheat_cond_entropy)
        Superheat_cond_enthalpy(i) = XSteam('h_ps',p2,Superheat_cond_entropy(i));
        Superheat_cond_Temp(i) = XSteam('T_ps',p2,Superheat_cond_entropy(i));
    end
    plot(Superheat_cond_entropy,Superheat_cond_Temp,'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0, 0.8, 0.8])
    % IT WILL BE A HORIZONTAL STRAIGHT LINE IN T-S DIAGRAM
    plot([sg2 s3],[Tsat_p2 T3],'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0, 0.7, 0])
end
% PROCESS 3-4: ISENTROPIC PROCESS (VERTICAL STRAIGHT LINE IN T-S DIAGRAM)
plot([s3 s4],[T3 T4],'linewidth',2.5,'color','m')
legend
hold on
% PROCESS 4-1: CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS
% IT CONTAINS 3 REGIONS
% REGION 1: SUBCOOLED REGION :: IN LIQUID REGION (CURVE ALONG CONSTANT PRESSURE LINES IN T-S DIAGRAM)
plot(Subcool_entropy_range,Subcool_Temp_range,'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0.75, 0.75, 0])
hold on
% REGION 2: LIQUID-VAPOR REGION :: PHASE CHANGE OCCURS FROM LIQUID TO GAS (HORIZONTAL STRAIGHT LINE IN T-S DIAGRAM)
plot([s4_SatL_p4 s4_SatV_p4],[Tsat_p4 Tsat_p4],'linewidth',2.5,'color','b')
hold on
% REGION 3: SUPERHEAT REGION :: IN GASEOUS STATE (CURVE ALONG CONSTANT PRESSURE LINES IN T-S DIAGRAM)
plot(Superheat_entropy_range,Superheat_Temp_range,'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0.6350, 0.0780, 0.1840])

% MARKING ALL STATE POINTS
plot(s1, T1, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);
plot(s2, T2, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);
plot(s3, T3, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);
plot(s4, T4, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);

xlabel('Entropy [kJ/kg-K]', 'FontSize', 14,'FontWeight','bold');
ylabel('Temperature [^0C]', 'FontSize', 14,'FontWeight','bold');
title('T-S DIAGRAM OF RANKINE CYCLE', 'FontSize', 15);
% SETTING ALL THE FONTS IN FIGURE TO TIMES NEW ROMAN
if x2<=1    
    legend('Saturation Line','Isentropic Expansion','Heat rejection during Phase Change','Isentropic Compression','Heat Addition in Subcooled Region','Heat Addition during Phase Change','Heat Addition in Superheat Region', 'location', 'NorthWest','FontSize',12);
else
    legend('Saturation Line','Isentropic Expansion','Heat Rejection during Superheat Region','Heat Rejection during Phase Change','Isentropic Compression','Heat Addition in Subcooled Region','Heat Addition during Phase Change','Heat Addition in Superheat Region', 'location', 'NorthWest','FontSize',12);
end
set(findall(gcf,'-property','FontName'),'FontName','Times New Roman')


 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PLOTTING H-S DIAGRAM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
figure('DefaultAxesFontSize',12)
% SATURATION LINE BEFORE CRITICAL POINT i.e LIQUID SATURATION LINE 
plot(S_SatL,HSatL,'--','linewidth',2,'color','r')
hold on
% SATURATION LINE AFTER CRITICAL POINT i.e VAPOR SATURATION LINE
plot(S_SatV,HSatV,'--','linewidth',2,'color','m')
hold on
% PROCESS 1-2: ISENTROPIC PROCESS (VERTICAL STRAIGHT LINE IN H-S DIAGRAM)
plot([s1 s2],[h1 h2],'linewidth',2.5,'color','k')
hold on
% PROCESS 2-3: CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS IN WHICH PHASE CHANGE OCCURS FROM SATURATED OR SUPERHEATED VAPOR OR LIQUID-VAPOR MIX TO SATURATED LIQUID 
if x2 <= 1
    % IT WILL BE A STRAIGHT LINE IN H-S DIAGRAM
    plot([s2 s3],[h2 h3],'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0, 0.7, 0])
else
    plot(Superheat_cond_entropy,Superheat_cond_enthalpy,'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0, 0.8, 0.8])
    % IT WILL BE A STRAIGHT LINE IN H-S DIAGRAM
    plot([sg2 s3],[hg2 h3],'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0, 0.7, 0])
end
hold on
% PROCESS 3-4: ISENTROPIC PROCESS (VERTICAL STRAIGHT LINE IN H-S DIAGRAM)
plot([s3 s4],[h3 h4],'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0.4940, 0.1840, 0.5560])
hold on
% PROCESS 4-1: CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS
% IT CONTAINS 3 REGIONS
% REGION 1: SUBCOOLED REGION :: IN LIQUID REGION (CURVE ALONG CONSTANT PRESSURE LINES IN H-S DIAGRAM)
plot(Subcool_entropy_range,Subcool_enthalpy_range,'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0.75, 0.75, 0])
hold on
% REGION 2: LIQUID-VAPOR REGION :: PHASE CHANGE OCCURS FROM LIQUID TO GAS (STRAIGHT LINE IN H-S DIAGRAM)
plot([s4_SatL_p4 s4_SatV_p4],[h4_SatL_p4 h4_SatV_p4],'linewidth',2.5,'color','b')
hold on
% REGION 3: SUPERHEAT REGION :: IN GASEOUS STATE (CURVE ALONG CONSTANT PRESSURE LINES IN H-S DIAGRAM)
plot(Superheat_entropy_range,Superheat_enthalpy_range,'linewidth',2.5,'color',[0.6350, 0.0780, 0.1840])
xlabel('Entropy  [kJ/kg-K]', 'FontSize', 14,'FontWeight','bold');
ylabel('Enthalpy  [kJ/kg]', 'FontSize', 14,'FontWeight','bold');
title('H-S DIAGRAM OF RANKINE CYCLE', 'FontSize', 15);

% MARKING ALL STATE POINTS
plot(s1, h1, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);
plot(s2, h2, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);
plot(s3, h3, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);
plot(s4, h4, 'o', 'MarkerSize', 4, 'MarkerfaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerEdgeColor', 'r', 'linewidth', 2);

if x2<=1    
    legend('Liquid Saturation Line','Vapor Saturation Line','Isentropic Expansion','Heat rejection during Phase Change','Isentropic Compression','Heat Addition in Subcooled Region','Heat Addition during Phase Change','Heat Addition in Superheat Region', 'location', 'NorthWest','FontSize',12);
else
    legend('Liquid Saturation Line','Vapor Saturation Line','Isentropic Expansion','Heat Rejection during Superheat Region','Heat Rejection during Phase Change','Isentropic Compression','Heat Addition in Subcooled Region','Heat Addition during Phase Change','Heat Addition in Superheat Region', 'location', 'NorthWest','FontSize',12);
end
% SETTING ALL THE FONTS IN FIGURE TO TIMES NEW ROMAN
set(findall(gcf,'-property','FontName'),'FontName','Times New Roman')

% WORK PRODUCED BY TURBINE
Turbine_Work = h1 - h2;
% WORK CONSUMED BY PUMP
Pump_Work = h4 - h3;
% NET WORK PRODUCED IN RANKINE CYCLE
Net_Work = Turbine_Work - Pump_Work;

% HEAT INPUT IN BOILER
Q_In = h1 - h4;
% HEAT REJECTED IN CONDENSER
Q_Out = h2 - h3;

% EFFICIENCY OF RANKINE CYCLE
Thermal_Efficiency = (1 - (Q_Out/Q_In))*100;
% SPECIFIC STEAM CONSUMPTION
SSC = 3600/Net_Work;
% BACK WORK RATIO IN RANKINE CYCLE
Back_Work_Ratio = Pump_Work/Turbine_Work;

fprintf('ttttRESULTS n')
fprintf('tt----------------------- n')
fprintf(' STATE POINT 1 n')
fprintf('P1 = %4.3f barn',p1);
fprintf('T1 = %4.3f deg Celciusn',T1);
fprintf('H1 = %4.3f kJ/kgn',h1);
fprintf('S1 = %4.3f kJ/kg-Knn',s1);

fprintf(' STATE POINT 2 n')
fprintf('P2 = %4.3f barn',p2);
fprintf('T2 = %4.3f deg Celciusn',T2);
fprintf('H2 = %4.3f kJ/kgn',h2);
fprintf('S2 = %4.3f kJ/kg-Kn',s2);
if x2 <= 1
    fprintf('X2 = %4.3fnn',x2);
else
    fprintf('STATE POINT 2 IS IN SUPERHEATED REGIONnn');
end

fprintf(' STATE POINT 3 n')
fprintf('P3 = %4.3f barn',p3);
fprintf('T3 = %4.3f deg Celciusn',T3);
fprintf('H3 = %4.3f kJ/kgn',h3);
fprintf('S3 = %4.3f kJ/kg-Knn',s3);

fprintf(' STATE POINT 4 n')
fprintf('P4 = %4.3f barn',p4);
fprintf('T4 = %4.3f deg Celciusn',T4);
fprintf('H4 = %4.3f kJ/kgn',h4);
fprintf('S4 = %4.3f kJ/kg-Knn',s4);

fprintf('Turbine Workt= %4.3f kJ/kgn',Turbine_Work);
fprintf('Pump Worktt= %4.3f kJ/kgn',Pump_Work);
fprintf('Net Worktt= %4.3f kJ/kgn',Net_Work);
fprintf('Back Work Ratio = %4.6fn',Back_Work_Ratio);
fprintf('Heat Inputtt= %4.3f kJ/kgn',Q_In);
fprintf('Heat Rejectedt= %4.3f kJ/kgn',Q_Out);
fprintf('NThermttt= %4.3f Percentn',Thermal_Efficiency);
fprintf('S.S.Cttt= %4.3f kg/kWhn',SSC);

OUTPUT:

Case 1: Turbine Outlet is either Saturated state or Liquid-vapor mix state:

1. Command Window:

2. T-s and H-s plots

Case 2: Turbine Outlet is in Superheated state:

1. Command Window:

2. T-s and H-s plots